Syria Faces Gravest Dry Spell in Years, Forcing Millions Toward the Verge

Parched riverbed in northern Syria
Sheep traverse the dried-out bed of the Orontes River in Jisr al-Shughour

Outside a rural area by central Syria, crop lands are expected to be ripe and abundant with grain.

Instead, one agriculturist's fields lies barren, generating just a fraction of its typical output.

"Recently proved devastating due to the drought," remarked the experienced farmer.

His acres produced merely 190kg per unit—far below the expected quantity achieved in a good year.

"{We haven't recovered what we spent; we've lost money. I can't afford next year's crops," he added.

With two teenage family members to feed, the farmer is borrowing assistance from relatives to make ends meet.

National Emergency

This hardship is echoed across the country, where the worst drought in over three decades has reduced wheat harvests by 40%.

A estimated deficit of over two and a half million tonnes looms this season—equivalent to the annual nutrition of millions of Syrians.

Grower in the region
An agricultural worker shared how the dry conditions impacted his livelihood

Growing Need

Without more food aid or the means to purchase supplies, the crisis may intensify significantly.

Approximately 14,000,000 Syrians—nearly 60% the public—currently struggle to eat enough.

Out of these, millions experience severe hunger, including 1.3 million in dire states.

Rainfall has dropped by almost 70%, crippling three-quarters of rain-fed crops.

"It represents the difference between households staying in their homes or needing to migrate," noted an expert.

Daily Hardships

Agricultural households are parting with herds to make up for diminished incomes, cutting back their food intake.

Malnutrition cases among minors and pregnant women are growing.

Grain is a staple commodity in Syria, the main ingredient in bread and pasta—cheap items that are now becoming more expensive in value.

For a widow aged 39, buying bread has become increasingly challenging.

Having multiple children, she depends on her sons' income, which do not cover essential expenses.

"Occasionally we resort to money simply to purchase bread," she said.

Earlier, a package of flatbread cost five hundred Syrian pounds, but now it is four thousand five hundred.

For her dependents, it takes two bags a daily—a cost of 9,000 pounds, before other items.

Wheat delivery
The country is heavily sourcing wheat imports from abroad

Official and Global Actions

This situation presents a serious obstacle for the administration, which is striving to rebuild the country after a long period of war.

Assistance groups are supplying bread subsidies for those at risk, but officials warn that these are stopgap solutions.

"We're trying to help people in the farming field," stated a program director.

Direct payments have been provided to local growers who suffered all of their harvest.

Yet, after over a decade of war, Syria's agrarian sector was already impacted by financial downturn, damaged irrigation systems, and contaminated land.

Water Crisis

Within key agricultural regions, crop fields need numerous watering cycles per season, but because of absence of rain, the majority of farmers are unable to sustain.

"The agricultural worker's primary worry is securing irrigation," explained a regional expert.

Irrigation depends on fuel, and fuel prices have increased dramatically, hitting 11,000 to 12,000 pounds per gallon.

Soaring fuel prices and regular outages have left irrigation systems inaccessible for most agriculturalists.

Future Solutions

A goal for the authorities is developing water systems—including eco-friendly irrigation systems—to make resources more accessible.

Yet those plans require years and money—luxuries that growers cannot access right now.

Thus, for countless Syrians around the nation, there is simply one hope to count on in the coming period: hope for rain.

Dr. Jason Gill
Dr. Jason Gill

A passionate software engineer specializing in front-end development and open-source contributions.

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